(Escuch voces y los v, agarrados a unas boyas, Diario de Cdiz, 21 May 2009. In 1969, Harold Fleming proposed that what had previously been known as Western Cushitic is an independent branch of Afroasiatic, suggesting for it the new name Omotic. Cow certainly isnt; there is a very widespread stem *nag- cow in West Africa, but if I remember right, the Bantu words are thought to be borrowed from Afro-Asiatic. In these approaches, abstract representations emerge as secondary properties at best, and at worst, are absent entirely. I dont have a text before my eyes to analyze. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyrights 2023, Native Breed.org. Basically Blench should have been around fifty-plus years ago, when his admirable empiricism might have headed off some of the Greenbergian hyperlumpery at the pass. Re From which it follows that the Germanic languages originated in the North Sea, Doggerland seems like a rather useful postulated Urheimat for some remote Proto-Something, what with being conveniently inaccessible to most archeological techniques on account of being submerged. As in the spread of back /r/ across the French-German isogloss bundle. Its easy to understand (hypothetically) how such a situation could evolve after an intrusive Neolithic arrival of AA. Im not even a man of one book, just a man of one short article, so Im hoping someone here might have the background to assess it. Or I do not know, maybe to Germanists it looks easier. I heard that in some East Asian countries cats are present but the common attitude is an animal that can scratch you or something, be careful. Interestingly, Stewart is actually specifically denying the point made here: It is [. (This is not quite such a glaring error as the misclassification of Buli/Konni, which frankly shows that the classifier has no actual knowledge at all of either language.). I doubt whether Kitchen et al* even know why real historical linguists think that shared innovations matter. The paper I linked to most recently above uses Kelif throughout. Word Routes The phylum has six branches: Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Semitic, and Omotic, however the inclusion of Omotic remains controversial, and several linguists see it as an independent language family, which stood in long-term contact with Afroasiatic languages. . Efforts have been made in the past to explain the suffix/prefix difference as due to Gur having reinforced its nouns with following articles and then having lost its original prefixes. Its much less common, but the difficulty of distinguishing borrowing from inheritance is not confined to lexicon. 2) what is the English cognate of Stachel/stekel? Slovopedia (links to Russian dictionaries; sidebar has links to comparable pages for German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Georgian, and Kazakh) http://languagehat.com/natufian-origin-for-afroasiatic/. Trsor de la langue franaise informatis Got it?. It puts me in mind of the notorious* New English Bibles habit of interpreting Hebrew hapax legomena on the basis of Arabic cognates/lookalikes. Welsh is quite fond of making singulatives out of plurals, which then oust the original singular form, as with llygoden mouse = Old Irish luch (accusative lochaid), via the perfectly-to-be-expected regular plural form llygod. Maybe Ill become a specialist in Eastern Sudanic! I though aha! and apparently ! In. This ancestral population (origin of migration edge a in Figure 4) was approximately halfway between the common ancestor of indicine and the common ancestor of taurine. Lexical representation and organization of a French verb with a single root (manger, to eat), and of a French verb with two roots (vendre, to sell). Transblawg It should be noted that some of the Bantu languages (such as Swahili) are influenced by Arabic, which in turn is a Semitic language related to Hebrew. But the chief practical consequence of this principle is rarely recognized or, if recognized, tends to be worked around rather than confronted and directly dealt with [.] Catherine Obianuju Acholonu & Erich Fred Legner Review of a paper presented at the Conference on Indigenous Knowledge and the Challenges of the 21 st Century, Institute of African Studies, UNN, Nsukka. No method is immune to garbage in, garbage out. In biology all that happened more slowly and came with more explanation. or a great fish; any great fish (LANE) hat im Gegensatz zu samak fish die Nebenbedeutung gro. Whitefish is a generic name for 5 closely related species of salmonids related to grayling, and whitefish are also called tullibee, cisco, chub, lake herring, Otsego bass, bloater, Menominee whitefish, and grayback. I must say that this does not seem a lot to base theories of deep relationships on. Also in other words for repeated actions (as a singular phenomenon): skrigeri = screaming. Thus, the goal of the current study is to redescribe the material currently assigned to [], in light of recent anatomical (re)descriptions of a number of [] and as part of a broader reappraisal of []. and would advise. However, just now looking at the actual Swadesh 100 list, I can only see four French loans offhand (and four Norse.) Sci. It has a repeating background pattern of blue fading to white and back to blue. Dizy: Il dizionario pratico con curiosit e informazioni utili and facing ENG-FRA this afternoon, I needed the morning off. No it hasnt (And what is a basal lineage in historical linguistic terms, anyway? And also this, from Paul Newman, who I have to say knowns what hes talking about when it comes to comparative linguistics: As anyone who has ever attempted to establish regular correspondences knows, it is not an easy task even when one is dealing with a moderately shallow time depth (lets say 5000 years [as it is commonly estimated to be in the case of Indo-European; J.M.S.]). For example, theres no way he isnt overinterpreting the variation in plene spelling. I dont remember in what connection. I checked Rabin, their quoted source (Lexicostatistics and the internal divisions of Semitic, in Bynon and Bynons Hamito-Semitica, 1975, doi: 10.1515/9783111356167.85). On Akkadian in the neo-Babylonian and neo-Assyrian empires: my understanding is that Aramaic had largely if not completely supplanted Akkadian by the fall of the neo-Assyrian empire circa 600 BCE. Melville knew that whales are not fish,but whales fit into the fisheries group. No idea about Kusaal digi though. The evidence is pretty clear than the idea of Bantu-style noun class systems is more durable over time and linguistic diversity than any particular expression of the idea. (The view that Anatolian split off first is close to becoming generally accepted; what that means exactly for the reconstruction of PIE and whether *mer- can be used to support that view is debated much more.). On the other hand, it is just one page. World Wide Words They could otkochevat* from Africa to the Middle East, pick up tools and then go back, armed with bronze and iron and cattle and then with books. 4) why so many peoples called hedgehog by such a compound? 3. Table 6.3 shows the example of the word #a for cow, cattle which is reconstructible for Erythraic and is loaned into Nilo-Saharan. On the one hand, hes very good at pointing out when the classification of individual languages doesnt stack up; on the other, he seems to take it for granted that there is no real half-way house between Greenbergs macrofamillies and a whole chaotic host of isolates. Leaving aside the tremendous nonsense of the whole methodology, what seems to have happened is that they have assumed that the evident primary division of Semitic into Akkadian-Eblaite versus The Rest shows that everything is basically derived from Akkadian, or something pretty Akkadian-like, at any rate. Not all categorizations of critters are Linnaean. He divides Erythrean into Cushitic, comprising Beja, Agaw, and East-South Cushitic, and North Erythrean, comprising Chadic and Boreafrasian. According to his classification, Boreafrasian consists of Egyptian, Berber, and Semitic. Under this approach, the Macro-Sudan belt is genealogically highly heterogeneous. without analysing any arguments in detail. Eastern and southern click languages seem to be so unrelated that its only possible to recognize their affinity by the sound inventory. Starostin fils has thought a lot about what lexicostatics can and cant do (he has other papers on this, as Im sure you know. fish, i.e., PIE *hduH- > Pre-Gk. Though the methodology of the paper itself is valueless (after all, its the same as the process that proved that Indo-European originated in Anatolia nine thousand years ago), the idea of the Semitic languages originating in Iran is not quite as counterintuitive if you imagine Semitic replacing some other Afro-Asiatic language groups intervening (geographically, and perhaps linguistically too) between the supposed Semitic homeland and Egypt. (a self-pirated version is somewhere on the Internet. Lachmann, though not the inventor of textual stemmatics, introduced the study of shared innovations into it nine years before the O.S. Any cat, however, who jumps on my lap finds herself instantly on the floor, so I at least dont get bitten. In lb, however, *xdm is a nonword and, as a result, is not produced in isolation. So far none of these (geographically) Iranian languages look anything like Semitic. Dimmendaals belief that Songhay is definitely related to Nilotic. Russian literature online That was deliberate. This is weirder. This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor. What are the 5 branches of the Afro-Asiatic family? I did not think about ablaut I thought about changes in productive morphology. So, while fish in their wild state were all different kinds of kud, the activities that transformed fish into culturally significant products were a little more fine-grained in their taxonomy. Im not sure that this is creative in the sense that you mean, but the vague-ish meanings associated with the various classes are often exploited for derivational purposes; given that the class suffixes are flexions, I suppose that technically this is a kind of null derivation, though the term doesnt seem very apt. -in- is either less common, However, the great majority of the wonderful Bantu system cannot be matched outside the family (and to some extent, Bantoid.) There is no evidence for reconstructing most classes back even to Proto-Volta-Congo, with the exception of the two semantically most coherent classes (human and liquid) and one or perhaps two others. So maybe not. It is recognized in literary languages, but it is just one possible example, namely literary languages, and descriptive linguistics ignores it even there. My next idea was professionalization (a source of jargon). @Rodger C. Qu pescados son de agua salada? DE is an exception, but in this case learning a foreign language did help, I think (thats why I thought about an African working with somethign like Hani). The proposals are not really any more long-range than those which got prematurely canonised as Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan by Greenberg. It was a typo. My aurochs are eating peas and cherries. Unlike my muskocks. There are also Romance porc-pic, porcospino / porco-espinho / puercoespn, Bolgarian and Sorbian, Irish (torcn) etc.) (And am pleased on his behalf ). Because the complaint was ONLY about this specific claim. There is another argument that Ethiopian Semitic just stayed there rather then arrived from Asia. Is it another situation when a word was Revealed to people by God and since then A-sts say borrowed from B-tic, impossible on A-tic ground and B-sts say impossible on B-tic ground, borrowed from A? (4) . And just the first row, all, cognate sets: [kllu kllu kullu hullu kulluzo:m hulln ullmka kullmu nm nn nnm nnm kol kl kalu kal kal koll kull] This may be due to first encountering the mistaken version, the same way KAOS from Get Smart left me confused for year about the correct spelling of chaos.. I can see why you guys like him. Since, however, the languages in question are spoken in a virtually continuous belt from the Atlantic Ocean to the Persian Gulf, to single out the Red Sea region in this way is a bit too narrowly focussed. This Hamitic language group was proposed to unite various, mainly North-African, languages, including the Ancient Egyptian language, the Berber languages, the Cushitic languages, the Beja language, and the Chadic languages. The comment on Pre-Sumerian substratum made my eyebrow go up. So I just piled them up: they seem to deviate from the general scheme t(a) in koine to the west of Libya, samak(a) to the east. A good many Hausaphones (some pretty eminent) have published on Hausa, for example. Thats not the part that astonished me, only the rest if it as far as I know, the common understanding is that Semitic spread into the Levant and Mesopotamia from the South. Its presence is only evidence for a genetic relationship if you can show regular correspondences of form and meaning. By far the most widely spoken Afroasiatic language or dialect continuum is Arabic. We found an association between movement and admixture of populations in the region and the spread of Semitic languages. Quite recently, additional examples of Proto-Sinaitic writing have been discovered near the ancient city of Thebes, along the Farsht Road at Wadi el-Hol, dating c. 1850 BC (Darnell etal., 2005). I guess if youre getting a university degree in Africa, you may arrive at more practical ideas of how to improve your familys financial position than to pursue a lucrative linguistics career. Theres an anti-Altaic paper Ive seen by was it Georg which points out that you could find in some half a dozen IE languages evidence for a genitive ending *-u, but all of them are known to continue different PIE endings thru various syntactic and sound changes (say Old Norse fem.gen.sg. The native word icne salmon in middle Irish is sometimes used as a generic fish word (also has Xeribs suffix). Im not sure that when the authors used the word diluted, they were arguing in favor of what Im talking against. (Hittite mediopassive -ri seems to be actually droppable, come to that.). Example A SIMBA Ancient Egyptian: snb e t q be healthy Shona-Bantu: SIMBA, be healthy, be strong, powerful Journals that size have hundreds or thousands of (largely unpaid) editors who decide on acceptance & rejection, In some ways, these were a solution looking a problem. As far as I can see, the most parsimonious hypothesis remains that plene spelling was meant to represent actual phonetic vowel length the whole time, and that vowel length was not phonemic in Hittite. Yes. Along those lines, Claude Rilly seems to be doing some good work in settling the question of whether Meroitic was Afroasiatic or Nilo-Saharan (for sake of argument. Is he a Blench acolyte? Ah, cripe! Ossetian / (ksalg/ksag), and (kf) for big fish. ), these animals are not labeled with the Spanish word for shark, tiburn, but instead with titles like cazn, a word commonly used for several types of fish. Theyre an Israelite ethnic group, like we are. But whereas Jews are from the Judean desert area and its surroundings, Samaritans are from the moun in a dictionary, published in Amsterdam in 1700: Simius, Simia | , [] | Aap Meerkat. On Latin piscem becoming the word for fish in Proto-Brythonic (as per AntCs question upthread): Interestingly, Albanian peshk is the basic word for fish and is also a Latin loanword. The Adamawa language Samba Leko, for example, has only about half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all (e.g. Usually an outgrouplanguage or languages is included, and its remoteness on the tree is an indicator of its non-relatedness perfect) in the non-r-branches. Strong Language (a sweary blog about swearing), Language resources: If they knew anything about rates of change of languages (or say compared any contemporary language to its form 100 years ago vs 3,000 YBP), wouldnt it be screamingly obvious their methodology makes no sense? Speaking of French, there never was that much motivation to call every fox Reginhard either, In Swadesh-list vocabulary a possible issue is that there are at least proportionally more verbs in there that are prone to full, partial or near-synonymy pull, push, throw, rub, turn, flow than nouns. 2. visserij (maybe from older vischerij, but I have not checked), corresponding to OF pescherie. This greatly increased the number of changes that had to be reconstructed for each branch, therefore made the branches longer, and therefore inflated all reconstructed ages. The characters they use, and their states, are simply read from the data: each nucleotide/amino acid position is a character, and the nucleotides/amino acids are its states. Thanks for the Melchert paper, drasvi. As mentioned, several of the traits in the Mesoamerican linguistic area do have the same boundary, though many other traits do not, and typically in other linguistic areas the various areal traits do not share the same geographical boundaries, offering no clearly identifiable outer border of the linguistic areas in question. @LH, so apparently you think that without morphology a genetic relationship cant be established. [diyyu] (I may be unfair. How likely are two neighbouring families to be closely related? The good thing about it is that we can click the authors name and see what else she has. https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/funny-animal-names-in-german. This was before the Day of the Trawler. Now youve got me reading Vydrin on Mande & Niger-Congo Toward a Proto-Mande reconstruction and an etymological dictionary (2016). So this is a gray area which i think DLG was not disputing. And Dimmendaals belief that Songhay is definitely related to Nilotic seems to do no harm at all to his work on Nilotic (though I cant say that it seems to help at all, either.). Anyway, they became Russian nobility (at the moment a branch of that family with a slightly different family name Politkovskie are more noticeable). Only in reading the etymology of aurochs did I discover that ur- is actually ur-Germanic. But if we postulate that the entirety of African Neolithic is ultimately of Middle Eastern origin, then, of course, everything falls back into place. Vowel change is extensively used in the Semitic language for both inflectional and derivational morphology. The Yoruba history I read treated blacksmiths as a favored but fearsome group, because of their ability to transform things, and my sense is that they were esteemed in Europe, but I had just read something earlier today about low-caste ethnic group of eastern African blacksmiths. 195 0 obj <>stream
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